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Guide · Banks and lenders

What lenders need to see from a business in trouble

A lender looking at a business in trouble wants to understand four things: what went wrong, what the money will do, how the loan will be repaid, and what security or cash flow supports it. Honest answers, a full list of debts, and a realistic plan count for far more than perfect paperwork.

By the Difficult Business Loans editorial teamUpdated 27 September 20264 minute read

Key points

  • Be upfront about what went wrong; lenders find out anyway.
  • List every debt, including IRD and anything with a court or demand attached.
  • Show exactly what the loan pays for.
  • Have a clear exit: bank refinance, sale, or repayment from trading.
  • Property-secured lending doesn't need financials for the initial assessment.

What lenders are really asking

However the forms are laid out, every lender assessing a business under pressure is trying to answer four questions:

  1. What happened? Is the cause understood, and is it behind the business?
  2. What will the money do? Will the loan make the business safer?
  3. How does the loan get repaid? Is there a believable exit?
  4. What protects the lender if things go wrong? Security, cash flow, or both.

If you can answer these clearly and honestly, you’re most of the way there.

1. What happened

Write two or three sentences. Specific beats general.

  • Weak: “Trading has been tough.”
  • Strong: “A builder we supplied went into liquidation owing us $140,000 in March. That left us unable to pay GST and PAYE for two periods. Trading since has been steady.”

Lenders see difficult situations every day. What worries them is a story that doesn’t add up, or one that suggests the cause is still active.

2. What the money will do

List it. For example:

UseAmount
IRD arrears (GST and PAYE)$96,000
Supplier who has threatened a statutory demand$22,000
Short-term loan with weekly repayments$38,000
Working capital buffer$15,000
Loan and legal costsAs quoted

Uses that reduce risk, like clearing IRD, paying a creditor who’s threatening court action, or replacing expensive short-term debt, make a strong case. Vague “working capital” with no detail makes a weak one.

3. How the loan gets repaid

This is the exit. Common exits for short-to-medium-term business lending:

  • Refinance to a bank once IRD is clear, the accounts are filed and there’s a clean run of payments.
  • Sale of a property or asset on a planned timeline.
  • Repayment from trading, supported by a realistic forecast.

Our guide to exit strategies for short-term loans covers what makes an exit credible.

4. What protects the lender

For property-secured lending, it’s the property. Lenders want to know:

  • the address and who owns it;
  • what’s owed on it now, and to whom;
  • anything unusual: lifestyle block, bare land, commercial use, a trust as owner.

For unsecured lending, it’s the business’s cash flow, shown in bank statements, usually for six months or more of trading.

The documents, and what you don’t need

Usually helpfulOften not needed upfront
ID for each owner or directorFull financial statements (for property-secured initial assessment)
Property details and current mortgage statementTax returns (for property-secured initial assessment)
A list of all debts, including IRD’s current figureA formal business plan
Any demand, court or deduction notice paperworkAn accountant’s report
Recent business bank statements (essential for unsecured)Perfect credit history
A 13-week cash flow forecast, if you have one

Property-secured loans through our lending partners don’t need financials or tax returns for the initial assessment. Bad credit, defaults and arrears are considered case by case. That’s why owners whose paperwork is behind can still find out quickly whether a loan is possible.

What lenders don’t hold against you

Business owners in trouble often expect to be judged. In practice, specialist lenders see these situations constantly, and some things that feel damning to you are routine to them:

  • IRD arrears. Paying IRD out is one of the most common reasons for property-secured business lending.
  • Late accounts. For a property-secured loan, no financials or tax returns are needed for the initial assessment.
  • A bank decline. That’s usually why you’re talking to a specialist lender in the first place.
  • Older defaults. Considered case by case, especially if they’re paid or the loan will pay them.
  • A rough year. What matters more is what the business looks like now and what the money will fix.

What does concern lenders is a story that changes, debts that appear late, or a plan that depends on everything going perfectly.

Honesty is the fastest route

The single most common reason a lending approval falls over late is something that wasn’t mentioned early: an extra IRD debt, a caveat on the title, a second statutory demand, a court judgment. Lenders don’t expect a spotless file from a business in trouble. They do expect to hear the whole story.

A useful rule: if you’re wondering whether to mention something, mention it.

Presenting it well

  • One page. What happened, what the money does, how it’s repaid, what security is available.
  • One list. Every debt, with amounts and status.
  • One forecast. A simple 13-week cash flow forecast, if you can.

That’s enough for a lending specialist to give you a realistic view quickly.

Getting started

You don’t need all of this to make a first enquiry. It takes about a minute, it’s free, and it doesn’t affect your credit score. Start an enquiry and a lending specialist will tell you what’s needed for your situation.

Quick answers

Should I leave out debts I'm embarrassed about?

No. Lenders will find them through credit checks, IRD figures or property title searches. Undisclosed debts discovered late are one of the most common reasons approvals fall over.

Do I need a business plan?

Not a formal one. A short, clear explanation of what happened, what the money does and how it's repaid is usually enough, plus a cash flow forecast if you have one.

How long does the process take?

It varies with the security and how quickly documents come together. For property-secured loans, funding within 24 hours of approval is possible in some cases.